The New Freedom: A Call for the Emancipation of the Generous Energies of a People
Woodrow Wilson
1912
Wilson, one of the early founders of 20th-century liberalism, rejects the principles of the founding in the name of Progress.
Commonwealth Club Address
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1932
Roosevelt consciously changes the meaning of the Declaration of Independence to serve the cause of 20th-century liberalism.
Message to the Congress on the State of the Union
Franklin D. Roosevelt
January 11, 1944
FDR proposes a "second Bill of Rights" to improve upon the inadequate rights to life and liberty secured by the Founders.
Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure v. Massachusetts
Dissenting opinion by Tom Clark, Concurring opinion (appendix) by William Douglas
1966
Douglas’s appendix, representative of modern liberalism, is an open rejection of the moral position of the Founders, in favor of what has come to be called the sexual revolution.
The Heresy of Equality: A Reply to Harry V. Jaffa
M.E. Bradford
1979
A prominent conservative attacks Harry Jaffa’s defense of the principles of the Declaration of Independence.
Harris v. McRae
Dissenting opinion by Thurgood Marshall
1980
Against the Founders view, Marshall argues that a right has no value if one does not have the money to pay for the exercise of that right; this money should be provided by government.
The Fundamentalists and the Constitution
Gordon Wood
1988
A prominent historian of Americas founding objects to the view that there are permanent truths about human naturetruths that should be the basis of all just governments.
Speaking for the Humanities
American Council of Learned Societies
1989
Six prominent humanities professors attack the idea that there are objective standards of just government.
We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident: The Rage for Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness
Robert Bork
1996
A prominent conservative legal scholar argues that the principles of the Declaration of Independence are hostile to morality.